The system for monitoring and controlling the cutting process includes a sensor of vibroacoustic signals and a spindle speed sensor connected to a time interval generating unit, the output of which is connected to one input of a frequency selection unit, the second input of which has the output of the sensor of vibroacoustic signals connected to the amplitude detector unit, a threshold device unit, and a trigger unit. One output of the trigger unit is connected to the input of the memory unit, and the other output is connected to the input of the comparison unit, to which the output of the memory unit is connected. A bypass selection unit, the input of which is connected to the output of the vibroacoustic signal sensor, and a threshold device, the output of which is connected to the input of the analysis unit, are connected in series, the input of the feed sensor is connected to the feed drive, and the output is connected to the analysis unit, and the linear sensor is connected to the input of the analysis unit. Further comprising a reference unit, an amplifier, a converter, a comparison unit, and a roughness measurement unit comprising a lens, a modulator, and an infrared photodetector, wherein the roughness measurement unit is connected in series with the amplifier unit, the converter unit, and the comparison unit. Another input of the comparison unit is coupled to an output of the reference unit, wherein the output of the comparison unit is coupled to an input of the analysis unit